Is the global view of the future of publishing that bad, or I am just getting (more) cynical and paranoid?
As many of you know, I have just returned from Book Expo America, the annual book show - this year in New York City. Since I am not the cocktail, autograph, roundtable, or buzz party attendee type, I had a little time each evening to consider what this trade show was all about, and ponder the more global meaning of life in publishing and where we all fit into the picture. And I have decided I don’t think it is a very pretty picture - which is why I am taking the time to express myself - today, in a more serious vein.
As those of you who know me know, I am the eternal optimist, things are always great and getting better, and I always see the glass half full - (and am asking someone to fill it!) - so it is with a heavy heart that I expose deep concerns and feelings in this essay.
Agree or disagree, make your comments as public as mine by registering them here, or simply quietly soak in what I am saying, and draw your own conclusions. Don’t shoot me, I am only the messenger, but DO take the time to read this essay. I believe there are some serious changes afoot, and not all good ones. They will impact you whether you like it or not, or accept them or not, and some may actually succeed in taking money out of your pocket if you’re not careful.
First, and I’ll write a separate article about this shortly, is the cover story and lengthy section in The Futurist magazine, March-April, 2007, titled “The New Media Age-End of the Written Word?” Now this isn’t some “New Age” publication making psychic predictions, but a well respected magazine with regular articles written by future thinking professionals of all stripes from think tanks, major corporations, authors, organization executives, and the like. The question they ask is:
What does the world look like after text?
After text? You can’t possibly suggest - Ok, you might respond, they’re talking about in the next two hundred years - No, actually, they are talking about in the next twenty to forty years. Yes, yes, the demise of the book is not imminent, but consider what I SAW at BEA that ties in.
Affordable machines were being promoted in more than one place to allow you, as publisher, to digitize books at the rate of thirty pages a minute, faster if it is just black and white text. A number of service companies were also offering the service. And, we all know about Google’s Orwellian desire to own every last book ever written in digitized form. Let’s not just go after Google any more - there must be something to the idea - Microsoft now has its own initiative rivaling Google’s. I am missing the monetization of this concept, but that’s not the point of this essay.
What I didn’t miss was a line of publishers begging to speak with Google reps - giving them info, offering to digitize their books in their hotel rooms to have them handed over to Google by the next morning; remember this, as it is a really important piece of the puzzle. You wouldn’t think publishers would be running into the arms of Google’s project, but they are. It took me a while to figure this one out!
Consider that one book was completely missing at BEA, yet it will outsell every, yes, every book that was touted at BEA. And the next biggest seller was exhibited completely without fanfare in a tiny single booth, under a relatively unknown publishing banner, by a man to whom I am going introduce you in a moment.
Of course, the big book… the biggest book possibly of all publishing history (other than reprints of the Bible) is the last installment of Harry Potter. Expectations range from TEN to TWELVE MILLION books will be sold in the first 24 hours of its release date this July. Every last retailer on the English planet will carry it… from WalMart to drugstores, to bookstores, and anyone else who wants to drive some ‘one day only’ traffic to his/her store or place of business. No promo necessary, but trade distribution will play a large role… though neither an exclusive one nor possibly the largest dollar one.
Now, let’s consider the next biggest seller… a book called The Secret. I have mentioned it before, when talking about how a book (and DVD) gets hours of Oprah’s time AND not one mention of the trade since every referral on her show was to an 800 number or the website. Yes, I have been told that hundreds of thousands have been sold through the trade… but MILLIONS have not. What does it mean? Well, before I tell you my thoughts, I do want to introduce you to the publisher, Richard Cohn.
As mild mannered and quiet a man as I have met in a long time… and I only spoke with him for five minutes at the show and quite by accident as I was meeting someone else at his booth. The other person was running a little late and, seeing the rather smallish poster for The Secret, I was more than ready to learn something. For a man who has sold a number of millions of books and DVDs in the last eighteen months, my estimate-not his, he was mighty quiet about it… just thankful for the opportunity to bring the information to the public. I did not get a chance to meet his partner and spouse… she was busy with a customer, but I got the distinct impression that here was a couple, not unlike my wife and myself, who wanted to produce quality materials and earn a living in publishing… and through hard work, luck, skill, the lottery, call it what you want, he has hit the publishing world’s version of a major Superball drawing.
I subsequently learned a bit of his story from my lunch partner and my respect for him grew even beyond that which he projected at his booth to a complete stranger in five minutes. I make this sidebar only to tip my hat to a lifetime publishing professional who deserved and got to grab the brass ring. If you get an opportunity to meet this man, and his wife, do it. If only as a reminder that 1) the Superball drawing takes place regularly, and every single publisher has a shot at the Holy Grail, and 2) professionality, humility, and integrity still exist in publishing. (See, I’m not so cynical after all.)
But I digress.
Let’s add some more factors to the discussion. The front page article on the Day 1 Publisher’s Weekly Show newspaper wasn’t about bestsellers, or attendance, or the future of the industry (they wouldn’t dare… trust me), but was:
“Distributors Play Musical Chairs”
Yep, the whole page plus continuation spoke about which publishers had gone with the new PGW/Perseus, which ones had gone to NBN, and the cloak and dagger of who would be going where to recapture distribution lost when PGW went under at the end of 2006. Like it matters. Other than the specific publishers and specific distributors, why does ANYONE in the industry give a damn who is distributing whom?
OH! I forgot… when customers walk into Borders, their first question is always: Is the publisher of this book distributed by NBN? …’Cause if not, I don’t want the book!
(Pause inserted to allow for guffaws, chuckles, and rolling on the floor.)
Call me a conspiracy theorist, but PW gets it. Without constantly reminding mid and small publishers that trade distribution is a serious issue, and should be treated as front page news (not the pointed, irrelevent gossip and innuendo it actually is) then publishers may forget they NEED trade distribution and figure out other ways of selling their books and DVDs.
It doesn’t take a CPA to figure out that trade distribution is a losing proposition… count the number of distributors still standing against the number who have gone out of business in just the last ten years. But if PW makes it a major issue, then small and mid sized publishers will still believe it is a necessity, just like accepting returns… we’ve been doing it forever and no one can change the way the industry does business!
And one last factor… the one that impacts me personally the most, gave me pause to think when more than one of my meetings, after greetings and salutations, began with:
“Marty, I’ll bet your brokerage business is huge right now from all the publishers getting out after PGW.”
Well, so far it isn’t. But, after hearing that remark over and over, I began to sort out why not. Well, my off the cuff answer has been that it happened at the end of 2006. The first and second quarters of 2007 saw the proceedings, the acquisition of the bankrupt company, and a lot of what PW spoke about in its article of soliciting publishers away to new distributors. Here we are at the end of the first half of 2007… and most publishers in this mess haven’t taken the time yet to figure out exactly where they are. (While I am aware this isn’t true, what I mean is they are in shock and not really thinking completely clearly… just trying to replace what they have lost… and get back to business and creating some deal that creates revenue streams.)
Along about the end of next quarter, in September or October, before the end of the year and after things have settled down a bit… these owners will start to tally up the damage.
It is my strong belief that, when they do, the few other professional publishing brokers and I will get many more telephone calls about newly reconsidered exit strategies, before things get any worse for each individual company. I would estimate that between 50 and 100 extra publishers will be ‘on the block’ by the end of the year, just from the fallout of PGW AND other publishers considering their own fates with their current distributors.
All this talk and I haven’t said a word about anything “global”. So, before I put the whole puzzle together for you (and for those of you who think you have it already together, hang on a few more minutes) let me add some “global” stuff.
The American economy, despite what the government is telling the media, is in deep shit. Sorry, no other way to say it. The dollar is falling, and rapidly. Petrodollars, the dollars earned by oil producing countries and invested in dollar denominated bonds and instruments for safety of investment, are now rapidly becoming petro-euros. There is a major move afoot to move the euro into the position of the dollar as the world’s primary reserve currency. What does this mean… well, in simple English, when China, Saudi Arabia, and other ’surplus dollar’ countries stop investing in dollar investments, it has been estimated by economists that our economy will take a huge hit, and that our currency could fall another 20-30%… the impact of which in our ‘house of cards’ superheated investment community would be a meltdown of disastrous proportions.
Ok, I’m no economic expert, so enough of this, but I will tell you that as a resident user of two currencies on a daily basis… it has only been in the last few months that the Canadian dollar has gone from 82 cents US to today’s 95 cent US quote. I took a 15% pay cut and wasn’t even asked about it. And the rest of you will, too, depending on how far down the US dollar goes.
Have I mentioned a war we aren’t able to finance? Have I mentioned the US is the world’s largest debtor nation? And have you seen the line up of potential Presidential candidates? The whole economic picture looks grim in the short to medium term. What does that matter… well, from my research and personal experience, during downturns, and particularly at the beginning of “announced recessions”, publishers who have been thinking of selling, start to sell. ** Too late. **
As the economy gets worse, prices for publishers do not tend to go down, they tend to evaporate. That is, prices go down for the best 20% of companies for sale, and the rest simply don’t sell at any price. This is common to all industries.
So… let’s pick up the pieces and see what we can assemble.
Global economic position of US, bad. Dollar support, bad. Largest debtor nation, bad.
Personal prediction for US economy… downhill starting in fall or winter 07-08, and continuing through about mid 2009, early 2010. My guess is eighteen to twenty four months of downturn.
Now let’s get more specific… you know how I feel about trade distribution (and in a smaller way, returns) as dinosaurs of an industry moving at glacial speed. Further consolidations will happen over the next two years. Actually, I see major publishing players (not necessarily the largest, but maybe the best known brands) in specific fields becoming quasi distributors for the rest of the publishers in that field, much as my company did through the 80s and 90s… and in different ways.
Prediction: more publishers will stop looking at trade distribution and start looking at treating their companies like companies… selling books any which way they can. MAKING MONEY FIRST. The less publishers doing the distribution route, the less profits for distributors… thus my prediction of further consolidation. Remember, for distributors, it is all in the numbers… they could truly care less WHO they represent, as long as there are lots of them and they PAY.
*** One more major bankruptcy in distribution might end the practice of large scale distributors altogether and move publishers to actually THINK about how they want to sell and to whom they want to sell.***
Now, let’s assume that publishers discover that more than half their future market of readers are truly nothing more than monitor viewers. This might cause them to digitize their titles and monetize them via ebooks, Google/Microsoft programs, and the like. Hey, wait a minute, who’s buying books in old fashioned bookstores? Thankfully, for the next 10-20 years, boomers who were brought up to read ink on paper… in hands… in a chair… in a quiet place… not doing six other things at the same time. But, remember, this group will be getting smaller each year until it disappears altogether.
After… while it sickens me to say this… twenty years from now, probably far less considering the delta rate of change in society, maybe starting ten years out… I agree that there will be a severely reduced if not completely obliterated printed book publishing industry. Those who don’t find alternate ways to sell the information they now own, will be severely reduced or obliterated in the process.
It sickens me because a society without books isn’t a society at all. Yes, we’ll have even greater access to even more information, but it won’t be the same. It may be even better, I can’t say, but I am one of those purists who sit down in a big overstuffed leather chair and open a book and read it and find that activity one of the most enjoyable of my day.
The scales of life always balance back to ‘normal’. Excesses are temporary and don’t last, bringing the excessive behavior back to a “norm” at some point. When I saw what steelworkers were earning in Pittsburgh in the mid to late 70’s, I told my wife it couldn’t possibly last. Pittsburgh would take a terrible hit when the mills finally figured it out.
We left in 1981. There hasn’t been a steel mill in Pittsburgh for many years now and it took the city almost ten years to recover.
Gold was held artificially at $35 an ounce. When it was finally let go of these restrictions, it moved, and excessively, to $800 an ounce, and then came back, excessively, to $250 an ounce. Its real world value average is around $550 an ounce (my opinion). But I wouldn’t bet against it going well over $1,000 an ounce before it bounces back to a more ‘normal’ value.
Those who don’t study history, and learn from it, are doomed to repeat it.
How many more distributors and publishers have to hit the wall before someone, and important someones in the industry, say, ENOUGH!… let’s start looking at the whole model ’cause it is broken, and if we don’t fix it, we’ll be going the way of the buggy whip… you’ll find us in second hand and antique stores?
How many more will abandon printed words and follow what appears to be the trend of digitized information and protect their futures, at least for the next round of technological advances? Better to make some money than be out of business.
And, as they abandon the trade system, and others go out of business, how long will it be before the whole system crumbles under the weight of failure? Oh, don’t tell me the top 20 will hold the system together… not when they figure out it is cheaper to sell direct.
How many of you have read Atlas Shrugged? Do you remember how quickly the society disintegrated? Narrow it down just to publishing and that is one very possible scenario.
As less companies want paper, paper mills go downhill, less mills, less paper, then paper gets more expensive, giving publishers even more incentive to go digital or ebook or into some other as yet unknown potentials.
As more retail book stores, offline or online, sell books at 35-45% off direct to the public, discounts have to get higher to keep old fashioned stores in business, or they fall off the map like most independent bookstores. When the Amazons and online, low overhead mini players start selling at 45-50% off and earning 5-10% margins… then what does a bookstore do? Quit. What do the biggie book chains do? Squeeze another 5-10% out of the publishers. How? Not to worry, the trade distributors will just do it… with or without their publisher/customers permission. What happens then… publishers who were making a dollar on $20 books now make nothing… and quit distribution models altogether.
Are you noticing the same theme here as I am? I thought it might just be me.
Well, enough chat. Ten years out… you will be in one of the following four categories:
- Sold out at the first opportunity after being hit on the head with reality.
- Still in the business with a huge content driven website, ebooks and echapters, podcasts with authors and experts, and basically an electronic publishing company.
- Still in business with a substantial web presence, a substantial direct to end user selling program, a substantial premium and custom program, a substantial reseller program for non book trade retailers and web tailers, and some safe, nominal investment risk trade distribution plan.
- Dead from a heart attack, or bleeding to death from a self inflicted letter opener wound (yes, if you are in this category, you are probably still using letter openers), after being notified that Ingram, the only wholesaler/distributor left, has declared bankruptcy, leaving you holding the bag for roughly a Million $ in A/R and a Half Million $ in print cost Inventory, which you can’t access because you didn’t change your wholesaler agreement when I advised you to, back in 2007.
Which category will you be in?
Martin Foner, President, NPL Publishing Consultants
P.S. Yes, you’re welcome to comment… in fact I hope we get hundreds of comments and get a conversation going that results in some changes, or at least deep thought about the future of the industry and your own company. No profanity, no naming names unless you’re the name, and you must sign your comment, but if you want to remain anonymous, we can do that on the site.
P.P.S. No, you’re not welcome to borrow parts or pieces of this essay without my express written permission. I am not interested in answering for four half sentences taken out of context and put into some other newsletter. While I am overjoyed to share this essay, no charge, please respect my wishes and get permission first. In fact, I’d like to see every publishing related newsletter, online, blog, magazine, and communication tool of any stripe reprint this essay to get everyone in the industry thinking before only the top 20 are left on the playing field.